Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. Military Excesses Its Friday December 14, 2018, and the Mile 17 bus station in Buea, capital of the South West Region, is busy like a beehive. [20] Two reports by English economists, the Phillipson Report in 1959 and the Berrill Report in 1960 both concluded that Southern Cameroons would not be able to continue to finance development and growth as an independent state. Your guide to the most important world stories of the day. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); }; Other major cities in the subregion include Mogadishu in Somalia, and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. I was to be used now only as window dressing and not listened to. Blue stands for the Meme River and Liberty. Most of Ambazonia has a tropical monsoon climate, with the coastal plain containing some of the rainiest places in the world (such as the village of Debundscha). Fruit stands for success (fruits of labour). Logically, I would have expected the UN to give them the option of gaining independence and stand on their own, Henry Baaboh said. green stands for the fertility of the land, prosperity and growth. Watch the video now! Grievances of Anglophone Cameroonians date back to 1961, when the region was granted independence from Britain. [16], The British Cameroons Administration Ordinance, 1924 divided British Cameroons into the Northern Cameroons (administered as part of Northern Nigeria) and the Southern Cameroons (administered as part of Eastern Nigeria). Instead, Biya, who has been in power since 1982, has ordered a military crackdown on the protests. function facebookTracking() { The 13 counties are governed by county-ministers; these individuals are chosen by political parties as candidates to govern the area and are voted into office during State elections (which occur every two years, similar to the U.S. Libya has Africa's largest oil reserves, estimated at 48 billion barrels, but production and exports have slumped dramatically through years of crisis. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. Dissatisfaction with these agreements led to the brief Douala War in 1884, in which Germany assisted its local allies in winning, essentially cementing its colonial position in Cameroon and by 1887 Britain had abandoned its claims in the region.[13][14]. Watch the full interview for insights on how industry thinks about deglobalization, the U.S.-China rivalry, the war in Ukraine, and much more. The scope of the alliance will include joint operations and training bases, Capo Daniel, the deputy defense chief of the Ambazonia Defense Forces, the military wing of the Ambazonia Governing Council, told Foreign Policy. On the other hand, Cameroon's state Army is using shrewd military tactics against the guerilla warfare of these militias. Savannah State Counties (demonym; Savannese): Flag of Ngo-Ketundjia.Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. The Ambazonian leader narrated a story of how security officials shot dead a five-year-old child at a checkpoint in southern Cameroon. [17] In 1953, the Southern Cameroons representatives in the Eastern Nigerian Legislature demanded a separate regional government for the Southern Cameroons with seat in Buea. From the mid-1980s, the break between the Southern Cameroon elites and the Francophone-dominated central government became increasingly apparent. For the past three weeks, an encampment of activists from Ambazonia, the English-speaking territory also known as Southern Cameroon, has been holding vigil outside the Nigerian Embassy in South . [48] This temporarily ended hopes for continued dialogue and kicked of full-fledged guerilla war in Southern Cameroons. But those ceasefire discussions have been condemned by other separatists in Cameroon and abroad, who argue that Sisiku does not have a mandate to negotiate. In February 2020, armed Fulani men alongside Cameroonian military personnel attacked Ngarbuh village in the Northwest region and killed 21 civilians, including 13 children. } [49] In practice, pro-independence militias operate largely autonomously from political leaders, who are mostly in exile.[50]. Green stands Fertility of the land. The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Green stands for the fertility and growth of the land. The groups will work to secure their shared border and ensure an open exchange of weapons and personnel, representatives of both the Ambazonia and IPOB movements said. Symbolism (Green stand for the Land. Whereas I spent all my life fighting to have a deep sea port in Limbe(Victoria) developed, this project had to be shelved and instead an expensive pipeline is to be built from SONARA in Limbe to Douala in order to pipe the oil to Douala. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is a secessionist state of Cameroon, self-proclamed in its English-speaking regions. Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. Delivered Friday. Chinese domestic instability could encourage the CCP to attack the Taiwanese archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu. Despite the violence, both governments and the international community have failed to address long-standing grievances. Flag of Savannah State. Steve Bannons Man in Italy Has Big Plans, The Hidden History of the Worlds Top Offshore Cryptocurrency Tax Haven, Irans Protests Are Nowhere Near Revolutionary. if there were many agitations and co mments, the new social order of Fon . Emblem of Ambazonia.svg 512 512; 140 KB. Cameroonian President Paul Biya does not want anything. Immigration officers walk on a bridge built in 1948 that connects Nigeria with Cameroon at Mfum border station in Cross Rivers State, southeast Nigeria on February 1, 2018. Several different armed factions have emerged such as the Red Dragons, Tigers, ARA, Seven Kata, ABL, with varying levels of coordination with and loyalty to Ambazonian political leaders. We have assembled here today in front of our two peoples to declare our intentions to walk together to ensure collective survival from the brutal annexation that have occurred in our home nations, Ayaba said. Golden bird stands for the Value, determination and freedom). From Nigeria's Biafra to Cameroon's Ambazonian, and Ethiopia's Tigray, the daily heightened tensions show that many African . This insurgent group has mostly conducted its operations in Borno state, displacing millions of people. Violence in the regions has since displaced over 700,000 people and resulted in at least 4,000 civilian deaths, according to the United Nations and the International Crisis Group. One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture. Located along the Atlantic Ocean, it shares its borders with the Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Nigeria. Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians, "Gorji Dinka Releases Ambazonia Message | CameroonPostline", "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", "Colonial Administrative Integration of African Territories: Identity and Resistance in Nigeria's Southern Cameroons, 19221961", "United Nations Trusteeship Council. Biafrans and Anglophone Cameroonians share a common enemy: Fulani herders, a nomadic ethnic group present across West and Central Africa. Today, pro-Biafra activists use incendiary language, referring to the Fulani as terrorists, to incite violence. Orange stands for Courage and sacrifice. Fax number: 240-556-0535 The Germans, who had established substantial trading centers to the southeast on the Wouri River delta (modern Douala), and the British, who had extensive interests to the west in Nigeria, both raced to sign agreements with local rulers. Countries of Africa: . What have we learned so fShow morear, and how can we apply those lessons to make sure we dont sleepwalk into yet another war? Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Ambazonia is divided in 13 counties [65] and 61 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Premiers (State Governor) are also responsible for the security of their state and may summon the army if needed. I still do not understand why the United Nations did not give a third option, Feh Henry Baaboh, a legal expert in Doula, told DW. In 1962, he arrested and imprisoned a number of prominent (Francophone) political opponents on charges of subversion and criticizing the state. [44] At least 17 people were killed in protests following the declaration of independence, while fourteen Cameroonian troops were killed in attacks claimed by the Ambazonia Defence Forces. The armed insurgency has turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly . "They just shot the child, going to school, dressed in. Any of the states can secede from the federation based on a referendum that supports it, provided certain constitutional laws and human rights are broken. The self-declared state borders Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 Red Star stands for Strength, bloodshed, bravery and leadership). In response, armed separatist groupswith substantial funding from Anglophone Cameroonians living abroad, according to a local aid worker who asked to remain anonymousrapidly mobilized against government security forces. European and Asian leaders began to call the IRA unfair competition and protectionist. Gorji Dinka became the first head of the Ambazonia Restoration Council. In a shocking video widely circulated on social media, three suspected separatist fighters in Muyuka, South-West region, beat and drag a 35-year-old woman, identified as Confort Tumassang by the. According to John Campbell of the Council on Foreign Relations, separatist sentiment has been growing in Nigeria since Muhammadu Buharis 2015 presidential election. The top of Mount Cameroon has a polar climate of the tundra variant, unique in West Africa and extremely rare so close to the Equator.[64]. Etymology. The States are governed by a State Governor who is elected into office by a Plurality vote. Prince Ojong. Some speculate that this is the result of a partnership, announced in April, between one of the major Cameroonian secessionist groups, the Ambazonia Governing Council, and the Indigenous People of . White flower stands for Innocence, hope and peace. The country split from Sudan in 2011 and remains the African continent's youngest country. Blue stands for vigilance and perseverance. That kind of posture reminds the Africa psyche of the infamous era of slavery. The Prefect/ District Officer forms the District Council (Local Government). Red stands for the strength of the people. In 1993, the All Anglophone Conference took place in Buea bringing together all Southern Cameroons citizens who called for the restoration of the federal system. Thos young woman was BUTCHERED like a wild animal. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. [4], Each of the three states are entitled to a flag and an, a sign of their importance within the federation and their culture. [29], Flag of Momo. [45] The Cameroonian government stated that the declaration had no legal weight[46] and on November 30, 2017, the President of Cameroon signaled a harder line on separatist attacks on police and soldiers. A bit isolated from the other volcanoes is the Mount Fako (Mount Cameroon) near the very Southern Tip of Ambazonia. Calls for secession are growing and an Anglophone separatist movement in the south-west and north-w. Other countries outside of the African continent have been involved in cryptocurrency initiatives. 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. The post-colonial philosophy that made most alliances with Africa and the West look like a beautiful young girl toasted around by suitors or bidders, and whose will does not count, led to the establishment of Transactional alliances and not genuine partnership alliances. It is bordered by Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and Bioko island to the south east on the Gulf of Guinea . Cameroon's anglophone minority has long complained of discrimination at the hands of the French-speaking majority. Red stands for Blood and strength of the people. [27] The result was a constitution that provided for a federal structure with two constituent states,[28] East Cameroon (former French Cameroon) and West Cameroon (former Southern Cameroons), but which gave power over most critical issues to the national government (dominated by Francophones). White stands for Hope and peace. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on [4], The State Council has the power to impeach the Premier (State Governor), through a Motion of confidence. Watch FPs Ravi Agrawal in conversation with two of the contributors to the magazines cover story, Anne-Marie Slaughter and retired Gen. David Petraeus, as they reflect on whats surprised themand how to prevent future wars. Nigerian authorities have used lethal force against peaceful pro-Biafra protesters, which has left at least 150 civilians dead, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. At higher altitudes, such as the Oku Massif and Mount Cameroon, there are pockets where the temperatures fall sufficiently to be classified as a warm-summer Mediterranean climate. Biafra Nations League - BnL.png 2,122 2,122; 416 KB. The flags also represent the traditional colours of the Mezam cultural wear (traditional clothes)). Meanwhile, Cameroonian security forces have funneled weapons to the Mbororo communities that have gone on to attack English-speaking farmers, a CHRDA report notes. [4] As of 2020, some separatist forces began developing state flags to represent their territory. Legally, maybe we can talk about secession or separation., In 1984, President Paul Biya changed the status of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon, Read more:Soldiers in Cameroon shoot dead several independence activists. However, many towns and villages in the hinterlands had no German administration and may have only seen German soldiers a handful of times. Gold Star stands for Leadership, wisdom and perseverance). Symbolism (Red stands for the strength and blood of the people. Strategically located in the Gulf of Guinea at the hinge of Africa, Ambazonia is bordered to the east . Two unequal former colonies became a single federal state; however, the disparities between the two were not addressed. The term Ambazonia is more usually associated with the separatist or independence-seeking faction, while the Cameroonian government and other official sources, such as the UN, continue to refer to the "Northwest Region" and "Southwest Region" (or sometimes the "NoSo" regions), the official names of the two administrative provinces since 1972. Red stands for the Strength and courage of the people. Until the 1880s, European activity was dominated by trading companies and missionaries. Even before the Anglophone crisis, nomadic cattle-grazing Fulanis, known locally as Mbororos, clashed with locals, who are sedentary farmers, over land use in Cameroons Northwest region. Tensions between the groups date back decades. Red disk stands for the blood of those who died for the struggle. Observers have previously suggested that the Cameroonian government has rerouted U.S.-origin military equipment and U.S.-trained military personnel from the fight against Boko Haram in Cameroons Far North region to the Anglophone conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regionsand in 2019, the U.S. government reduced military spending to Cameroon over human rights abuses. The two also discussed climate cooperation with China, the road to COP28, and much else. Biafrans and Ambazonians are predominantly Christians, while the Fulani are mostly Muslim. Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. Then RusShow moresia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. The Sun stands for the Birth of a new day, prosperity. Activists across Africa have watched in amazement as the EFF in its short existence have successfully championed the course of the African people and has spoken severally about the plight of the Ambazonian people. The mountains stand for Mount Kupe and Mount Manenguba and the determination to succeed. Ambazonia: Cry The Beloved Country; Showcase Nigeria's Greatness. Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has brought the country to the brink of civil war. Security Business Insider and the Africa Collective initiative it supports presents the top 5 oil producing countries in Africa for December 2022. [17] The County-Ministers appoints Prefects or District Officers to county districts (Local Government Area). A county may secede from a state and become a state or join another state based on a referendum that supports it. The previous year, Nigerian security forces arrested more than 30 other Anglophone activists. The lesson I take from this is that domestic grievances, when allowed to fester, can ultimately convulse into broader conflicts and brother crises and armed conflicts, which could have devastating consequences on a transnational basis, said Christopher Fomunyoh of the U.S.-based National Democratic Institute. Green stands for the Land and prosperity. Remember the adage that generals always fight the last war? The pro-Biafran movement, led by Nigerias minority ethnic Igbo community, has deep historical roots. E.M.L. [20], Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called on Britain, the Administering Authority to organize separate plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons under UN supervision based on the following two 'alternatives': independence by joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. De facto, Buea is the capital. Germany continued to consolidate its control over the coast through agreements with local leaders backed up by military expeditions. Golden Star stands for Leadership).[32]. [17] The districts are made up of tribal territories run by Chiefs, Fon etc or villages. The unrest usually comes with devastating impacts largely responsible for the continent's current economic and social retardation. The protests that began as a movement against police brutality have much bigger goalsincluding regime change. The leader of the self-declared Governing Council of Ambazonia, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, is among the 10 who have been convicted A leader of Cameroon's separatist movement, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, and nine of. The Indian government has tread carefullyand invited trouble. The Biafra movement is well equipped with weaponry and other defense technology from Nigerias large black market. Symbolism (Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. In 1966, he succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party state. The star stands for Leadership and prosperity. Pour toute information confidentielle que vous souhaitez rendre publique: crivez ou contactez-nous au Etats Unis par WhatsApp: 1-240-350-1131. In Nigeria, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is a secessionist group that advocates for the creation of the independent country of Biafra. For its part, the Ambazonia movement says it will share lessons in making the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon ungovernable, a tactic that has largely been achieved. [4][5][6], The region, which has been at war with Cameroon since the 2016 lawyers and teachers protest, aims to separate into independent country known as Ambazonia,[7] a name coined by the Widikum Fon, Honourable Fon Gorji Dinka,[8] from the name of the Ambas Bay and the word Zone, as a protest to the 1982 name change of the United Republic of Cameroon to the Republic of Cameroon,[9] which was the name Cameroon had since gaining it's independence in 1960, and was seen as an attempt by the Cameroon Government to erase the culture of West Cameroon (a name Southern Cameroons attain after federation with Cameroon in 1961). Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. Youre on the list! May 20, 2021, 10:56 AM BUEA, CameroonFor the past five years, factions of a secessionist movement in southeastern Nigeria and a pro-independence movement in western Cameroon have been gathering. And what happens if the United States and China continue down a path of decoupling? Though, the Federal Republic of Ambazonia is not recognized by most states, there has been a proposed constitution for the territory. Welcome to the self-proclaimed Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons); a virtual country of many sins. Dengarkan Ambazonia National Radio dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas tinggi di situs. Ambazonia Interim Government, a separatist group in Cameroon, has emphasised that its agitations for a separate country have nothing in common with that of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). It raises the question: How do companies with large global footprints decide which side to pick? Green stands for the Fertility of the land. Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961. Each state has its own legislature, the State Council, which is unicameral and is made up of representatives from each of the districts (LGA) that make up that state. At independence, a plebiscite was held, and voters in Southern Cameroons opted to join Cameroon as a constituent state of a federal republic. Blue stands for The Bui River and Liberty. .png 300 300; 10 KB. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. 10 Feb 2018. Relations with the Islamic Republic of Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon are heated. [17] The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. In November 2016, a number of large protests and strikes were organized, initially by Anglophone lawyers, students, and teachers focused on the growing marginalization of English and Anglophone institutions in the law and education. FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. [18], In 1957, United Nations Resolutions 1064 (XI) of 26 Feb 1957 and 1207 (XII) of Dec 13, 1957 called on the Administering Authorities to hasten arrangements for Trust territories to attain self-governance or independence. The Federal Republic of Ambazonia ( Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. [19], Flag of Equatorial State. [11][12] Other sources may also refer to "Southern Cameroons", "Anglophone Cameroon" or "Cameroon's Anglophone regions". Download the new FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. A referendum in 1961 sealed the future of British Cameroon: The northern region. Zinchenko: Soccer symbolises Ukraine fight, Pender County Humane Society holding Pet Pals Foto Fundraiser, UK government bonds sell off on higher interest rate expectations, Bishops in western Cameroon concerned war will keep kids from school, Several killed in Cameroon as anglophones declare independent Ambazonia EURACTIV.com, Biafra, Ambazonia, Oduduwa to march at EU headquarters, says IPOB | The Guardian Nigeria News, Latin American exports lose momentum in 2022 and 2023, report by IDB Bank MercoPress, VSBLTY Selected As A Systems Integrator For Intel Smart Edge, AMBAZONIA ARMAGEDDON: Sinkhole Swallowing BIR Terrorists And Paul Biyas Militia Zombies, Keir Starmer says Rishi Sunak should apologise for lethal chaos in NHS under his watch UK politics live | Politics, Latest Updates From the World Economic Forum, Yakima Humane Society participating in 'Betty White Challenge' KIMA CBS 29. The rough terrain of the Cameroon line and the lack of navigable rivers in much of the interior of the region claimed by Ambazonia limited colonial activity outside the coastal regions. List of countries (or dependencies) in Africa ranked by population, from the most populated.